As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, a layer forms in the atmosphere that traps sun radiation. At the national level, governments sell logging concessions to raise money for projects, to pay international debt, or. Communities reverse deforestation in ethiopia less than 5% of ethiopias original forest remains today. Deforestating the rainforests long term effects of deforestation. Penny encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the situation in africa is particularly acute, but even the densely populated asian and pacific regions contain roughly 1.
As reported on seyeral fora, tije countrys resources are being depleted at an alarming, rate. It is well known that deforestation is a big problem in the world today, with hundreds and even thousands of vulnerable forest being cut down both for tinder and to make way for arable farmland for cows and other livestock. Cause of land degradation and its impacts on livelihoods of the population in toke kutaye woreda, ethiopia feyera deresa tsetadirgachew legesse mizan tepi university, school of agriculture and natural resource, department of natural resource management. Communities reverse deforestation in ethiopia the borgen. Nov 01, 2017 severe land degradation and the consequent series of drought and famine episodes have caused major waves of human migration in ethiopia over the past 5 decades. Agroforestry and social forestry practices, plantation forestry, and conservation of the remaining forests are proposed as a strategy for physical recovery. Deforestation is the process of removing the forest ecosystem by cutting the trees and changing the shape of the land. This research was conducted to diagnose the causes of deforestation and forest. Understanding the causes of biodiversity loss and the policy assessment framework 5 6. Causes and features of watershed degradation related to. Deforestation and climate change congressional research service summary efforts to mitigate climate change have focused on reducing carbon dioxide co 2 emissions into the atmosphere. Natural causes as hurricanes, fires, parasites and floods. Minutes of the kickoff workshop on study of the causes of.
Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian highlands. The major causes are rapid population increase, severe soil loss, deforestation, low vegetative cover and unbalanced crop and livestock production. Causes and features of watershed degradation related to mhp. With a random sampling approach, ten districts commonly named as kebeles were selected, and proportionate sample distribution was made to each kebele. However, the government of ethiopia is making utmost effort to reverse deforestation on one hand while rehabilitating degraded forest lands on the other. The main objective of this study was to assess the impacts of consecutive resettlement programs spontaneous and planned on the forests in southwest ethiopia. Case studies on forest ecosystems and biodiversity loss 151 7. Deforestation in ethiopia is due to locals clearing forests for their personal needs, such as for fuel, hunting, agriculture, and at times for religious reasons. With 80% of the population living in rural areas, deforestation in ethiopia affects their livelihood.
A competitive global economy drives the need for money in economically challenged tropical countries. However, the government of ethiopia is making utmost effort to reverse deforestation on one hand while. However, being deteriorated by different drivers it is becoming a global agenda with deeprooted implications following the massive forest clearance and deterioration. Deforestation and forest plantations in ethiopia springerlink. The impact of tropical deforestation population growth and deforestation advantages and disadvantages of deforestation multiple causes of deforestation deforestation problems in ethiopia the evolution of deforestation are there solutions to deforestation. This occurs when trees are removed from a landscape, leading to increased food insecurity. Apr 15, 20 ethiopia has experienced massive deforestation. Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to utilize the land or trees. A study of the deforestation in komto forest in east wollega. Drivers of defforestation and forest degradation in ethiopia. Human activities as agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, timber extraction, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development.
Major purpose of the study the major purpose of this research was to assess the major causes of soil erosion and deforestation, and to gain an understanding of. Deforestation causes can either be direct or indirect. Cause of land degradation and its impacts on livelihoods. Forest conservation, soil degradationfarmers perspective nexus implications for sustainable land use in southwest ethiopia.
The rapidly growing population of 85 million and the 70 million livestock put pressure on land forests. Pdf deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are. This research was conducted to diagnose the causes of deforestation and forest degradation and to devise the ways for vegetation cover improvement opportunities at duguna fango woreda. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. While deforestation in other parts of the world is mainly caused by commercial logging or cattle ranching the leading causes in africa are associated with human activity. The study proposes agroforestry and social forestry practices, plantation forestry, and conservation of the remaining natural forests as a strategy for physical recovery in ethiopia. Thus, in addition to the fundamental importance of national data on forest area change and associated changes in forest carbon stocks to estimate emissions and removals, the need for. Cause of land degradation and its impacts on livelihoods of. Atmospheric for global warming deforestation is the major contributor.
Learn reasons for deforestation and discover the consequences of this process in all. Deforestation and land degredation in the ethiopian highlands. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. According to fao 2000, deforestation is defined as the conversion of forests to another land use or the long term reduction of. The dark areas are forest, the white is deforested areas, and the gray is regrowth. Direct causes people have been deforesting the earth for thousands of years, primarily to clear land for crops or livestock. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. Key words causes, deforestation, ethiopia, impacts, remedy. A forest stand is a close community of trees sufficient in size, composition and location to distinguish it from other nearby communities.
Topography, soil types and agroecological parameters are also additional factors affecting the land degradation processes in ethiopia influenced by man. Study on understanding the causes of biodiversity loss and. The main causes of deforestation in ethiopia are shifting agriculture, livestock. Deforestation is a major concern in ethiopia as studies suggest loss of forest contributes. Deforestation is the clearing of trees without the intent of replacing them or reestablishing a stand of trees. Marsfm working paper 5 2007 forestry department food and agriculture organization of the united nations manual on deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation using remote sensing and gis prepared by giri tejaswi rome, march 2007 strengthening monitoring, assessment and reporting on sustainable forest management in asia gcpint988jpn. Long term human occupation of the highlands of ethiopia, accompanied by sedentary agriculture and extensive cattle herding activities, in combination with population pressure have resulted in the heavy deforestation, and subsequent environmental degradation. To overcome these problems, efforts have been made to launch afforestation and conservation programs.
Deforestation is major problem in ethiopia as the people rely on biomass energy for cooking. Drivers of defforestation and forest degradation in ethiopia the forest resources of ethiopia play critical roles in providing valuable ecological and economic resources for the countrys overall development, and in particular rural population in forest regions which are heavily dependent on these resources for their livelihoods. The spatial distribution and extent of forest cover were mapped for the. Deforestation in ethiopia project gutenberg selfpublishing. In this model, we used the deforestation data for the 19872017 period obtained from a previous study as dependent variables and the potential causes of deforestation generated from geographic. The causes, consequences and remedies of deforestation in ethiopia. According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of.
Abstract one of the foremost trials opposite ethiopia in striving for development is environmental degradation, manifested in the degradation of land and water assets as. According to fao 2000, deforestation is defined as the conversion. Deforestation statistics for ethiopia, including tree cover loss, primary forest cover, and biodiversity data. For example, 52 per cent of all land used for food production is moderately or severely impacted by the erosion of healthy soil.
Deforestation causes of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Major purpose of the study the major purpose of this research was to assess the major causes of soil erosion and deforestation, and to gain an understanding of how deforestation and soil erosion affect. Pdf deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are serious problems in ethiopia. Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography. The issues of deforestation and accompanying land degradation is high on national and international agendas, but still poses a large challenge at the local level, as is the case in ethiopia. Forest is one of the crucial resources that determine the livelihood, environmental stability, and sociocultural value of the dependent people. Deforestation leads to the disappearance of sustainable development. Pdf deforestation and land degredation in the ethiopian.
Deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are serious problems in ethiopia. Before 2007, the forest in ethiopia was governmentowned. From a baseline of perhaps 40% forest cover in the 16th century, the country is down to 4. Boahene african society for environmental management, po box 2205, 3500 ge utrecht, the netherlands.
Nevertheless, deforestation has been a widespread phenomenon in tropical africa, with an annual forest clearance of between 1. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers. Thus, in addition to the fundamental importance of national data on forest area change and associated changes in forest carbon stocks to. Srinivasan associate professor, department of economics, madawalabu university, bale robe, ethiopia. The spatial distribution and extent of forest cover were mapped for. Some of these efforts center on reducing co 2 emissions from deforestation, since. Concluding remarks there is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. When deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt or they are allowed to rot, which results in releasing the carbon that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. Harvesting, forest fires, and insect infestations do not count as deforestation because the affected areas will eventually grow back. The main driver is small scale farm land expansion and unsustainable fuel wood consumption crge, 2011. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained.
Drivers of defforestation and forest degradation in. Not only human action can cause degradation to occur, but also natural causes such as the nature of rainfall amount, intensity, variability, distribution, soil texture, structure, depth, moisture, infiltration rate and topography play an important role in. There are several effects of deforestation on earths climate and nature. Minutes of the kickoff workshop on study of the causes.
According to historical estimates, nearly 90% of ethiopian highland had forest cover. Causes and impacts of deforestation and forest degradation. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation. A study of the deforestation in komto forest in east. Although tropical forests are largely confined to developing countries, they arent just meeting local or national needs. Sep 18, 2010 the impact of tropical deforestation population growth and deforestation advantages and disadvantages of deforestation multiple causes of deforestation deforestation problems in ethiopia the evolution of deforestation are there solutions to deforestation. Basic concepts of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation 2. Typically, deforestation is clearing a lot of trees without the intention of establishing future growth. Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian.
Deforestation is an important factor in global climate change. Causes of deforestation in ethiopia deforestation is the permanent conversion of forests to some other land cover, almost always to crops, pastures, or plantations such as oil palm sills, 2008. Causes and impacts of deforestation and forest degradation at. Deforestation and forest degradation have real and tangible impacts on the lives of these vulnerable communities. Deforestation is the process of removing the forest ecosystem by. Impacts of resettlement programs on deforestation of moist. The main causes of deforestation in ethiopia are shifting agriculture, livestock production and fuel in drier areas. Drivers of defforestation and forest degradation in ethiopia the forest resources of ethiopia play critical roles in providing valuable ecological and economic resources for the countrys overall development, and in particular rural population in forest regions which are. Deforestation takes place due to multiple of reasons like logging, population growth. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. In several subsaharan african countries, the rate of deforestation exceeded the global annual average of 0. Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect.
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